Integrated UPLC-HRMS, Chemometric Tools, and Metabolomic Analysis of Forage Palm (Opuntia spp. and Nopalea spp.) to Define Biomarkers Associated with Non?Susceptibility to Carmine Cochineal (Dactylopius opuntiae)

Metabolomics, together with analytical methods and chemometric tools, point to new paths for selecting species that are resistant pests diseases. In this work, the forage palm species’ metabolomic profile was investigated, relation between chemical composition resistance Dactylopius opuntiae (carmine cochineal). The study performed in cladodes of different non-susceptible cultivars (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Opuntia stricta (Haw.), Nopalea susceptible cultivar (Opuntia ficus?indica Mill.)). Metabolic showed 28 metabolites detected four species. From these total, 18 were annotated using UPLC?QTOF?MSE (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled an electrospray ionization quadrupole time?of-flight mass spectrometry operating MSE mode). By comparing profiles through application it possible obtain biomarkers (quercetin-3?O?2’,6’?dirhamnosylglucoside, quercetin rhamnosyl dihexoside, isorhamnetin-3-sophoroside-7?rhamnoside) may be associated carmine cochineal. Metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MSE allowed establish knowledge present These results contribute developing initial understanding flavonoids’ role defense mechanisms cactaceans can useful breeding programs; increase chances success creating varieties plants not